Usually yes, and not on every phone or in every destination. A data-only eSIM can normally share a personal hotspot the way any data connection can. The result still varies by device and destination. The hotspot shares data the phone already has. It does not install the eSIM onto a laptop or tablet.
The phone needs data first
If the eSIM on the phone has no data, the hotspot has nothing to share. Follow no signal after landing first: switch the line on, set it as the default for mobile data, and turn data roaming on. Do not start with the hotspot toggle.
The phone is online, the other device is not
1Use the system hotspot switch
On iPhone: Settings → Personal Hotspot. Android labels differ. Search settings for Hotspot. Use the system switch, not a third-party sharing app.
2Confirm the shared line is the eSIM
The default mobile-data line has to be the travel eSIM. If it is still your own SIM, the hotspot either has no data or uses your carrier's data.
3Have the other device join again
On the laptop or tablet, forget the hotspot, join it again with the password, and stay near the phone. That device does not need the eSIM, and it cannot install the same one. One profile installs on one device.
A physical SIM hotspot is a different note
The physical SIM pages say most of those cards support hotspot by default, provided the device has the feature and the network settings are right. That sentence does not automatically apply to a travel eSIM. If you bought a physical card, use the note on that product in the SIM catalog.
If several devices need to be online together, also read eSIM, physical SIM, or pocket Wi-Fi. Installation itself is in the installation guide.